برتراند راسل - چگونه از عقايد احمقانه بپرهيزيم

اگر عقیده مخالف ، شما را عصبانی میکند نشانه آن است که شما ناخودآگاه میدانید که دلیل مناسبی برای آنچه فکر می کنید ندارید.

If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If some one maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way.
Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology there is only opinion. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants."
 - Bertrand Russell, “An Outline of Intellectual Rubbish” (1943)